NASA "worm" logo 3 NASA's "worm" logo between 1975–1992, applied as a secondary logo in 2020. Bruce Nelson Blackburn was born in Dallas, Texas, on June 2, 1938, and later grew up in Evansville, Indiana. He earned a bachelor's degree in design from the University of Cincinnati School of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning. He served as national president of the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) and was a member of the international design organization Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI). He authored the "
Design Standards Manuals," which set out to explain the importance of design manuals to federal designers and how they can be used. In addition to creating the worm logo, he also designed the official US Bicentennial symbol and branding and communications jewelry retouching service programs for IKON Office Solutions, Champion, IBM, Equistar Chemicals, US Department of Transportation, Corps of Army Engineers and Prudential. Bruce Nelson Blackburn and the
NASA "worm" logo 5 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Graphics Standards Manual. Recognizing that the Meatball logo was difficult to reproduce given the limitations of the printing technology available at the time, in response to their assignment, Richard Danne and Bruce Nelson Blackburn delivered a logo in NASA Red (Pantone color number 179) that was " clean, progressive, readable from a mile away, and easy to use on all media." It was simple (the cross stroke of the